The journal prefers titles to follow the format ‘field of study: study design’. The abstract of an experimental or observational study must clearly state in sequence and in not more than 250 words (i) the main purpose of the study, (ii) the essential elements of the design of the study, (iii) the most important results illustrated by numerical data but not p values, and (iv) the implications and relevance of the results.įor example, ‘Early micronutrient intake and cognitive function: a cohort study’. The following headings should be used for original research: We require a structured abstract of up to 250 words for reports of randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses, and we encourage it for other studies, where appropriate.
Results: give numerical data rather than vague statements that drug x produced a better response than drug y.
Conclusions: do not make any claims that are not supported by data in the paper in the abstract.įavour confidence intervals over p values, and give the numerical data on which any p value is based.All research reports involving human subjects must contain a statement about ethics committee approval (or equivalent) at the end of the methods section.Our statistics editor’s recommendations for numerical presentation can be found here.Illustrations should be used only when data cannot be expressed clearly in any other way.When graphs are submitted the numerical data on which they are based should be uploaded to ScholarOne as a supplementary file. Please include the key messages of your article after your abstract using the following headings. This section should be no more than 3-5 sentences and should be distinct from the abstract be succinct, specific and accurate. What is already known on this topic – summarise the state of scientific knowledge on this subject before you did your study and why this study needed to be done.What this study adds – summarise what we now know as a result of this study that we did not know before.
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